CAUSE AND EFFECT

CAUSE AND EFFECT

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Objectives

through this section, you will learn how to use cause and effect and also referents
Welcome to study English
In this series, we are going to talk about cause and effect relationships
Listen to someone who talks about Global Warming.
Try to Brainstorming, Note-taking, and developing ideas for the topic below!
Learn about it!

Meeting 1

Let's watch this video!

 What is the speaker talk about?
 ....................
 By doing brainstorming, you can determine general information about the text.
 What are the causes of global warming?
 ..................
 you see in the clip car, factory waste, and cutting down trees
 you can find specific information by doing a note-taking. It is very essential during the listening task.
 Now its time for you for explaining what is global warming?
 ................
 By developing ideas you will able to explaining what global warming is.
 Here is the script for that clip.
Read the text then make cause and effect sentences!
So, what is global warming? It’s the result of billions of decisions. It's caused by decisions made by individuals-like driving big cars rather than small cars. And it's caused by decisions made by corporations and nations, like dumping waste into the atmosphere.
Nature is already responding to global warming. There have been changes in global weather patterns.
Trees are flowering earlier. Birds are laying eggs earlier. Butterflies are moving up hills.
What is global warming? It's the result of billions of individual decisions. You can't manage that at the scale of the individual.
Managing the atmosphere has to take at the global level. That's why it needs international agreement.

OK, so you read the text about What global warming is.
What has caused global warming?
You read 'gases in the air, cars, factory waste, and people cutting trees down. So if you made notes, you would get an idea these were the thing causing global warming.
Global warming is caused by people using cars, and people dumping waste into the atmosphere.
Now let's look for some of the effects
Driving cars causes air pollution.

The others example are
1. Global warming is the result of a billion decision
2. A billion decision lead to Global warming
3. Global warming is caused by dumping waste into the atmosphere
4. Dumping waste into the atmosphere leads to global warming
5. Birds are laying eggs earlier is the result of global warming
6. Birds are laying eggs earlier is the effect of global warming


see also because vs because of

To express cause and effect we can use some logical connector such as SO...THAT/ SUCH ...THAT. Here are the examples
 Managing the atmosphere in the scale of the individual is SO difficult that ways we need international agreement.
 It is such a serious problem that ways we need international agreement.
 we can use this pattern SO + ADJECTIVE/ADVERB + THAT
 The sky of Jakarta is so dark that the factories are dumping waste into the atmosphere
 we will try to use this pattern SUCH + NOUN + THAT
 It is such a serious problem that why we need the international agreement

let's play game "Click Here"

Meeting 2

Factories and vehicles are dumping waste into atmosphere, so the air temperature is rising

a) Factories and vehicles are dumping waste into atmosphere, so air temperature is rising.


So===> results:

cause: Factories and vehicles are dumping waste.

result: Air temperature is rising

a) Air temperature is rising  because factories and vehicles are dumping waste into atmosphere

because

since

as

as a result of


COMPARE: (b) Air temperature is rising because of  dumping waste into atmosphere.

Because ===> Clauses

because of ===> Phrase/Gerund


Lets Practice!

  1. I can not come to your house______it is rain
  2. I am afraid_______a ghost
  3. Sinta makes a cake______her mom likes it
  4. we will join that community______you
  5. _______we never realize him anymore in our life
  6. I don’t bring an umbrella______it is not rain
  7. That girl is so smart______she never be lazy to study
  8. Diana can not come to the party_______her mom never let her
  9. My life has changed and it is_______you
  10. I let him to go ______ I care with you
  11. we were bored_______the space was too long
  12. We decided to stay at office______the weather was bad
  13. ________the weather was bad, she stayed at office
  14. she lets me go_____she never care with me
  15. I am not happy______the film is not so good
  16. Alex was worried______the rain
  17. we were bored______the speech
  18. I am so happy______I always with you here
  19. _______this cake, he loves me so much
  20. I will wear a jacket______the weather was so cold

Answers
  1. Because
  2. Because of
  3. Because
  4. Because of
  5. Because
  6. Because
  7. Because
  8. Because
  9. Because of
  10. Because
  11. Because
  12. Because
  13. Because
  14. Because
  15. Because
  16. Because of
  17. Because of
  18. Because
  19. Because
  20. Because

STUDY TIPS
You can make your writing style more interesting by using referents and, thereby, avoiding repetition of nouns, which would make your writing monotonous. Remember using referent is an essential writing skill for many Writing Task. Compare these two styles of writing.

Referents are words, which refer back to something that has been mentioned before. They not only add variety to your writing and speaking but also provide cohesion.
A number of referents can be identified:
Personal Pronouns
I, you, he/she, it, we, they, one, etc.
Demonstrative Pronouns
this, that, these, those
Possessive Adjectives
my, you're, his, her, their, on's, its. our
and here's the example of the referents.
What is global warming? It's the result of billions of individual decisions. You can't manage that at the scale of the individual.


The word 'It's' refers to global warming and the word 'that' refers to global warming.
OK, that all for today. Hope to keep enjoying your study and study English!

Lets Practice!

Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut dengan jujur dan bertanggungjawab!

No. Pertanyaan Jawaban
01. Saya mengetahui arti kata-kata pada pada teks di atas
 Ya Tidak
02. Saya bisa mengucapkan kata-kata sesuai dengan audio/video yang disajikan
 Ya Tidak
03. Saya bisa memperagakan percakapan dengan membaca teks yang tersedia
 Ya Tidak
04. Saya bisa memperagakan percakapan dengan sedikit membaca teks
 Ya Tidak
05. Saya bisa memperagakan tanpa membaca teks
 Ya Tidak
06. Saya bisa memperagakan tanpa membaca teks disertai dengan variasi baru atau pengembangan teks
 Ya Tidak
07. Saya bisa membuat karya video terkait dengan percakapan yang diperagakan
 Ya Tidak
08. Saya bisa membuat video dan telah disosialisasikan pada sosial media yang saya miliki
 Ya Tidak

Bila ada jawaban "Tidak", maka segera lakukan review pembelajaran, terutama pada bagian yang masih "Tidak".

Bila semua jawaban "Ya", maka Anda dapat melanjutkan ke pembelajaran berikutnya.

Buatlah jurnal harian untuk membantumu dalam mempercepat proses pembelajaran dengan menjawab soal evaluasi diri berikut ini.

  • Apakah yang kamu telah pelajari pada bagian ini?
  • Apa yang menarik pada sesi ini?
  • Apa kendala yang kamu alami?
  • Apa yang kamu lakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut?
Informasi lainnya yang terkait dapat diakses pada tautan berikut ini
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