Grammar Review: Conjunctions and Linking Words (Curiosity, Arguments, and Possibilities)

Grammar Review: Conjunctions and Linking Words (Curiosity, Arguments, and Possibilities)

Objectives

1. Comprehend the use of conjunctions and linking words by identifying them in a text.
2. Able to use conjunctions and linking words in expressing curiosity, arguments, and possibilities in daily contextual use.

Learn about it!

In this lesson, you are going to learn about conjunctions and linking words. Conjunctions and linking words basically have the same function. They exist to connect thoughts or ideas. So, what is the difference? You will find it in the following explanation.

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are the words that join parts of a sentence. It joins words or phrases together in one sentence, for instance:

1. Tantri wants to play for the regional competition, but she has trouble meeting the academic requirements.
2. The snow melted because the sun came out.

Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two words or clauses in a sentence, that are grammatically equal. The words that belong to coordinating conjunctions are ‘and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet.’ It may help you to remember that coordinating conjunctions are usually shorter than four words. To make it easier, just remember coordinating conjunctions as

FANBOYS (For And Nor But Or Yet So).

Example:

• How do you manage your time between work and family?
• People complain loudly about the traffic jam, yet they drive their own car every day.
• He thinks he will be promoted as a general manager, for his father is on the company’s board of directors.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions have the function to join the dependent clause to the main clause. This will allow the writer to emphasis on the idea that is more important. Subordinating conjunctions will show you which idea is more important and which is less important, for instance:

• The tension between China and the USA began to ease after the two parties signed the agreement.
• I could study in Europe if I got the scholarship.

The underlined clause, the clause with the subordinating conjunction, is called the subordinate clause. This clause is dependent on the main clause, which is the clause without the subordinating conjunction, and this is the less important one. The more important idea is shown in the main clause or the independent clause. So, in the examples above, which clause is more important?

c. Correlative Conjunctions
This type of conjunctions should combine themselves with other words. They should always be together to join various parts of a sentence. The following table is the list of correlative conjunctions.

Example:
- It doesn’t matter whether you win this competition or lose it, as long as you do your best.
- The smoke of the cigarette endangers not only yourself, but also those around you.

EXPRESSING CONTRAST (however, but, nevertheless, still, whereas and yet)

Learn About It!

Today we will practice using ‘hyphens’ in words, and talk about showing contras using the word ‘despite’, ‘although’ and ‘but’

Let’s read the text below!

685 kilometers north of Adelaide on the Oodnadatta Track is Marree. When the old Ghan railway closed in the 1980s it just about vanished off the map.

But despite the isolation and the population dwindling to just 80, and out-of-towner is now making a million-dollar investment.

Robynne Taylor bought the 120-year-old pub three years ago and is about to build a two-storey guesthouse next door.

Let's focus on this sentence

Despite the isolation and population dwindling to just 80, and out-of-towner is no making a million-dollar investment.

Despite is one of expression to show contrast, the others are however, nevertheless, still,yet, whereas, although,though, event if, even though, in spite of and despite. How to use these expression will be explained in this order.

Do You Understand?

EXPRESSING CONTRAST: however, but, nevertheless, still, whereas and yet These sentence connectors are used to emphasize the fact that the second point contradicts the first.

HOWEVER : Katty couldn't cash her paycheck However, she managed to buy a new TV set. 
BUT: Oscar had a ticket, but he didn´t go to the game

NEVERTHELESS: There was little chance of success; nevertheless, they decided to perform the surgery.

STILL He is rich. Still, he leads a miserable life.

YET: Edison dropped out of school at an early age, yet he became a famous inventor

WHEREAS. Tom thinks we´re ready to begin whereas Lisa thinks we have to wait

EXPRESSING CONTRAST: although, though even if and even though We use them to connect contrasting ideas introducing a dependent clause

ALTHOUGH : Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation

THOUGH Maria didn´t receive a scholarship though she is an excellent student

EVEN IF: Even if you take a taxi, you'll still miss your train

EVEN THOUGH: Even though the weather was bad, the ship departed

EXPRESSING CONTRAST: despite, in spite of We use them to contrast ideas. They must be followed by a noun phrase or an –ing form

IN SPITE OF: In spite of being a millionaire, he is very mean

DESPITE: Despite the doctor´s advice, he played football last week.

Key Points

In conclusion, we can say that linking words exist to connect the ideas between sentences or paragraphs. Some conjunctions can function as linking words as well. You can use the following list to help you.

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Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut dengan jujur dan bertanggungjawab!

No.	Pertanyaan	Jawaban
01.	Saya mengetahui arti kata-kata pada pada teks di atas	Ya	Tidak
02.	Saya bisa mengucapkan kata-kata sesuai dengan audio/video yang disajikan	Ya	Tidak
03.	Saya bisa memperagakan percakapan dengan membaca teks yang tersedia	Ya	Tidak
04.	Saya bisa memperagakan percakapan dengan sedikit membaca teks	Ya	Tidak
05.	Saya bisa memperagakan tanpa membaca teks	Ya	Tidak
06.	Saya bisa memperagakan tanpa membaca teks disertai dengan variasi baru atau pengembangan teks	Ya	Tidak
07.	Saya bisa membuat karya video terkait dengan percakapan yang diperagakan	Ya	Tidak
08.	Saya bisa membuat video dan telah disosialisasikan pada sosial media yang saya miliki	Ya	Tidak

Bila ada jawaban "Tidak", maka segera lakukan review pembelajaran, terutama pada bagian yang masih "Tidak".

Bila semua jawaban "Ya", maka Anda dapat melanjutkan ke pembelajaran berikutnya.

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Buatlah jurnal harian untuk membantumu dalam mempercepat proses pembelajaran dengan menjawab soal evaluasi diri berikut ini.

• Apakah yang kamu telah pelajari pada bagian ini?

  Pembahasan 1
  
  

• Apa yang menarik pada sesi ini?

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• Apa kendala yang kamu alami?

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• Apa yang kamu lakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut?

  Pembahasan 4
  
  

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Informasi lainnya yang terkait dapat diakses pada tautan berikut ini

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