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Present Perfect Tense: To Be
As we know that TO BE in the present perfect tense is BEEN and is paired with auxiliary HAVE or HAS. HAVE BEEN and HAS BEEN are paired with Subject Pronoun and or Noun as follow
I have been
You have been
We have been
He has been
She has been
They have been
It has been
Dewi has been
Anton has been
Dewi and Anton have been
We can make three types of sentence by using present perfect tense with to be. The first type is the one whose part of the predicate is noun:
I have been an Easy Speak student for three months
You have been a carpenter for five years
We have been farmers for thirty years
He has been an architect for ten years
She has been a nurse for two years
They have been painters for five years
Dewi has been a teacher for one year
Anton has been an electrician for one year
Dewi and Anton have been employees for one year
If we make the above sentences negative, they will be read as follow:
I haven't been an Easy Speak student for three years
You haven't been a carpenter for five years
We haven't been farmers for thirty years
He hasn't been an architect for ten years
She hasn't been a nurse for two years
They haven't been painters for five years
Dewi hasn't been a teacher for one year
Anton hasn't been an electrician for one year
Dewi and Anton haven't been employees for one year
If we want to change the above sentences into Interrogative Sentences, we have to put the auxiliary HAVE or HAS first before the subject:
Have you been a carpenter for five years? Have we been farmers for thirty years?
Has he been an architect for ten years?
Has she been a nurse for two years?
Have they been painters for five years?
Has Dewi been a teacher for one year?
Has Anton been an electrician for one year?
Have Dewi and Anton been employees for one year?
The second type is the one whose part of the predicate is adjective:
I have been thirsty for ten minutes
You have been hungry for thirty minutes.
We have been happy for one hour
He has been blind for one year
She has been deaf for one year
They have been miserable for one month
It has been tame for one week
Dewi has been hungry for twenty minutes
Anton has been thirsty for ten minutes
Dewi and Anton have been thirsty for ten minutes
If we want to change the above sentences into Negative Sentences, we have to put NOT before BEEN:
I haven't been thirsty for ten minutes
You haven't been hungry for one hour
We haven't been happy for one hour
He hasn't been blind for one year
She hasn't been deaf for one year
They haven't been miserable for one month
It hasn't been tame for one week
Dewi hasn't been hungry for twenty minutes
Anton hasn't been thirsty for ten minutes
Dewi and Anton haven't been thirsty for ten minutes
If we want to change the above sentences into Interrogative Sentences, we have to put the auxiliary HAVE or HAS first before the subject
Have you been hungry for one hour?
Have we been happy for one hour?
Has he been blind for one year?
Has she been deaf for one year?
Have they been miserable for one month?
Has it been tame for one week?
Has Dewi been hungry for twenty minutes?
Has Anton been thirsty for ten minutes?
Have Dewi and Anton been thirsty for ten minutes?
The third type is the one whose part of the predicate is Adverb of Place or Location:
I have been at Ngurah Rai Airport for ten minutes
You have been at the library for twenty minutes
We have been in the class room for one hour
He has been in the garden for ten minutes
She has been in the kitchen for ten minutes
They have been at the cinema for one hour
It has been in the cage for one week
Dewi has been in her hotel room for five hours
Anton has been in the lobby for thirty minutes
Dewi and Anton have been at the hotel for three days
If we want to change the above sentences into Negative Sentences, we have to put NOT before BEEN
I haven't been at Ngurah Rai Airport for ten minutes
You haven't been at the library for twenty minutes
We haven't been in the class room for one hour
He hasn't been in the garden for ten minutes
She hasn't been in the kitchen for ten minutes
They haven't been at the cinema for one hour
It hasn't been in the cage for one week
Dewi hasn't been in her hotel room for five hours
Anton hasn't been in the lobby for thirty minutes
Dewi and Anton haven't been at the hotel for three days
If we want to change the above sentences into Interrogative Sentences, we have to put the auxiliary HAVE or HAS before the subject:
Have you been at the library for twenty minutes?
Have we been in the class room for or hour?
Has he been in the garden for ten minutes?
Has she been in the kitchen for ten minutes?
Have they been at the cinema for one hour?
Has it been in the cage for one week?
Has Dewi been in her hotel room for five hours?
Has Anton been in the lobby for thirty minutes?
Have Dewi and Anton been at the hotel for three days?
SITUATIONAL CONVERSATION 1:
A Are you a student?
B: Yes, I am a student.
A: How long have you been a student?
B: I have been a student for three years.
A: Is your father a doctor?
B: Yes, he is a doctor.
A: Has he been a doctor for twenty years?
B: No he hasn't. He hasn't been a doctor for twenty years.
A: How long has he been a doctor?
B: He has been a doctor for ten years.
A: Is your mother a librarian?
B: Yes, she is a librarian.
A: How long has she been a librarian?
B: She has been a librarian for five years.
A: Is your brother an architect?
B: Yes, he is an architect.
A: How long has he been an architect?
B: He has been an architect for five years.
A: Is your sister a secretary?
B: Yes, she is a secretary.
A: How long has she been a secretary?
B: She has been a secretary for six months.
SITUATIONAL CONVERSATION 2:
X: Is she deaf?
Y: Yes, she is.
X: How long has she been deaf?
Y: She has been deaf for one year.
X: re you lame?
Y: Yes, I am lame.
X : How long have you been lame?
Y: have been lame for five years.
X: Is your father blind?
Y: Yes, he is blind.
X: How long has he been blind?
Y: He has been blind for ten years.
X: Are Anton and Yanto hungry?
Y: Yes, they are hungry.
X: How long have they been hungry?
Y: They have been hungry for twenty minutes.
SITUATIONAL CONVERSATION 3:
A: Where is your father now?
B: He is in Jakarta.
A: How long has he been in Jakarta?
B: He has been in Jakarta for three months.
A: Where is your mother?
B: She is in Bandung.
A: How long has she been in Bandung?
B: She has been in Bandung for one week.
A: Where is your brother?
B: He is in Bali.
A: How long has he been in Bali?
B: He has been in Bali for two days.
A: Where is your sister?
B: She is in Surabaya.
A: How long has she been in Surabaya?
B: She has been in Surabaya for two days
A: Where are your uncle and aunt?
B: They are in Singapore,
A: How long have they been in Singapore?
B: They have been in Singapore for five days.
Present Perfect Tense With Verb:
Definition:
When we are not interested to know the exact time of happening of one time activity or event in the past, we usually use present perfect tense. Although the present perfect tense expresses a past activity or event, the time signal for simple past tense (for examples yesterday, last week, five days ago, etc) is not used. We can use this tense to express the one time past activity or event only if the activity or event can be repeated in the future.
Examples:
I have met Rano Karno
We have seen Gone With The Wind movie
You have visited Bali
Have you visited Bali?
He has bought a car
She has kissed me
They have visited Surabaya
Dewi has climbed Mount Kerinci
Anton has swum in the Musi River
Dewi and Anton have visited Sumatra
Present Perfect Tense is also used to express repeated past activity or event when we are not interested to know the exact times of the happening of that repeated past activity or event. Although this tense expresses repeated past activity or event, the time signal for simple past tense (for examples: yesterday, last week, five days ago, etc.) is not used. We can use this tense to express repeated past activity or event only if the activity or event can be repeated in the future.
Examples:
I have flown an airplane many times
Have you flown an airplane many times
He has met Desi Ratnasari three times
She has visited Bali ten times
They have climbed Mount Bromo three times Dewi has visited Jakarta five times
Anton has swum in the Musi River four times
Present Perfect Tense is also used to express a situation that began in the past and continues to the present.
Examples
I have known Herman for five years (or: since 2004)
We have lived in Denpasar for ten years (or: since 1998)
He has liked horror movies for ten years (or: since he was a child)
She has loved her boy friend for three years (or: since 2005)
They have had this house for twenty years (or: since 1988)
Present Perfect Tense is also used to express recent happening. Usually We can still feel the effect or see the result of the happening. Again, here we are not interested to know the exact time when it happened.
Examples:
I have eaten a lot of fried rice (I am full now)
I have opened the window (perhaps, the window is still open)
I have watered the garden (the garden is still wet)
The Word JUST can be added to stress the recent happening:
I have JUST eaten a lot of fried rice
I have JUST opened the window
I have JUST watered the garden
SITUATIONAL CONVERSATION 1:
A: Have you seen Spiderman III movie?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you see the movie?
B: I saw it last year.
A: Have you met Ayu Azhari?
B: No, I haven't
A: Have you met Dewi Sandra?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you meet her?
B: I met her last January.
A: Have you visited Tanah Lot?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you visit Tanah Lot?
B: I visited Tanah Lot last month.
SITUATIONAL CONVERSATION 2:
X: I admire Iwan Fals.
Y: Have you ever met him?
X: Yes, I have.
Y: How many times have you met hirn?
X: I have met him twice
Y: When did you meet him?
X: I met him in 2005 and 2007.
Y: Do you want to meet him again?
X: Yes, I do.
Y: Iwan Fals lives in Jakarta.
X: I know.
Y: Have you ever visited Jakarta?
X: Yes, I have.
Y: How many times have you visited Jakarta?
X: I have visited Jakarta seven times.
SITUATIONAL CONVERSATION 3:
A: Where do you live?
B: I live in Denpasar.
A: How long have you lived in Denpasar?
B: I have lived in Denpasar for ten years.
A: Do you like Denpasar City?
B: Yes, I do.
A: How long have you liked Denpasar City?
B: I have liked Denpasar City for ten years.
A: Do you know Mr Mangku Pastika?
B: Yes, I do.
A: How long have you known him?
B: I have known him for five years.
SITUATIONAL CONVERSATION 4:
A: Dewi has just ironed her clothes.
B: Her clothes must be neat now.
A: Yanto has just eaten a lot of fried rice.
B: I am sure he is full now.
Complete these statement!.
- The most interesting thing I learned in this chapter was ...
- The part I enjoyed most was ...
- I would like to find more about ...
- The hardest part in this chapter was ...
- I need to work harder at ...
- My plan to overcome the difficulties of this chapter are ...
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