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TENSES
(Menyatakan kebiasaan hingga sekarang masih dilakukan)
POLA
- V= (+) S+V¹ (-s/es utk S he,she,it)
- (-) S+Do/Does not + V¹
- Do utk S= I,you,they,we
- Does utk S= he,she,it
- She goes to school everyday
- She does not go to school everyday
- N= (+) S+ to be (am/is/are) + adj/n/adv
- She is beautiful
KET. WAKTU
- Every…
- Usyally
- Always dll
TENSES: Present Continuous
(Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu bicara)
POLA
- V= (+) S+ to be (am/is/are)+V-ing
- She is not going to school everyday
KET. WAKTU
- Now
- At present
- At this moment
- Today
TENSES: Present Perfect
(Menyatakan perbuatan/tindakan yang terjadi pada waktu yang tidak tertentu di masa lampau dan pada saat berbicara perbuatan/tindakan tsb telah selesai/baru aja selesai dilakukan)
POLA
- V= (+) S + have/has + V3
- Have utk S= I,you,they,we
- Has utk S= he,she,it
- Father has gone to work for 12 hours
- N= (+) S + have/has+Been + adj/n/adv
- Father has been at his office since 12
- hours ago.
KET. WAKTU
- Lately
- Recently
- For
- Since
- already
- yet
- lately
- just
TENSES: Past Tense
(Menyatakan kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu lampau)
POLA
- V= (+) S + V2
- (-) S + did not + V¹
- Did utk semua Subjek
- N= (+) S + Be (was/were) + adj/n/adv
- Was utk S= I,he,she,it
- Were utk S= you,they,we
KET. WAKTU
- Yesterday
- Last…
- …ago
TENSES: Past Perfect Tense
(Menyatakan aktivitas yang telah selesai dilakukan ketika aktivitas lain terjadi pada waktu lampau)
POLA
- V= (+) S + had + V3
- Had utk semua Sabjek (S)
- N= (+) S + had been + adj/n/adv
KET. WAKTU
- Before/when + S + V2
TENSES: Past Perfect Continuous
(Menyatakan aktivitas yang telah berlangsung selama periode waktu tertentu ketika aktivitas lain terjadi diwaktu lampau, aktivitas tsb masih berlangsung)
POLA
- V= (+) S + had been + V-ing
KET. WAKTU
- For + periode waktu + when/ before + S + V2
TENSES: Future tense
(Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan dilakukan di waktu yang akan datang)
POLA
- V= (+) S + will/shall + V¹
- Will utk semua Sabjek (S)
- Shall utk S = I,we
- N= (+) S + will/shall +be + adj/n/adv
KET. WAKTU
- Tomorrow
- Next…
TENSES: Future Continuous
(Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang)
POLA
- V= (+) S + will/shall + be + V-ing
KET. WAKTU
- At this time tomorrow
- At ten tomorrow
(Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah selesai dilakukan ketika aktivitas lain terjadi diwaktu yang akan datang)
POLA
- V= (+) S + will/shall + have + V3
- N= (+) S + will/shall +have +been +adj/n/
KET. WAKTU
- By + ket.waktu
TENSES: Future Perfect Continuous
(Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah sedang berlangsung selama waktu tertentu ketika aktivitas lain terjadi di waktu yang akan datang)
POLA
- V= (+) S + will/shall +have+been + V-ing
KET. WAKTU
- By + ket.waktu
TENSES: Past Future Tense
(Menyatakan perbuatan/keadaan yang akan datang dilakukan/terjadi diwaktu lampau. Perbuatan tsb sudah direncanakan tapi tidak terlaksana)
POLA
- V= (+) S + would/should + V¹
- N= (+) S + would/should + be + adj/n/adv
KET. WAKTU
- Yesterday
- Last…
- Just now
- If + simple past
TENSES: Past Future Perfect Tense
(menyatakan suatu pengandaian pada masa lampau, sesuatu seharusnya akan telah terjadi pada saat suatu syarat terpenuhi)
POLA
- V= (+) S + would/should + have +V3
- N= (+) S + would/should + have been + adj/n/adv
KET. WAKTU
- If + past perfect
TENSES: Past Future Perfect Continuous
(Menyatakan perbuatan yang seharusnya sudah sedang berlangsung di suatu waktu di masa lampau tetapi kenyataanya gagal berlangsung)
POLA
- V= (+) S + would/should + have been + V-ing
KET. WAKTU
- By + ket.waktu
Kita bisa mengenali setiap tensis dengan mengetahui ciri-ciri khusus yang dimiliki setiap tensis:
- Simple Present: V¹/do,does/am,is,are
- Simple past: V2/did/was,were
- Perfect: have/has/had + V3/been
- Future/modal (present): will/shall/may/can/must + V¹/be
- Future/modal (past): would/sould/might/could/had to + V¹/be
- Continuous: Tobe + v-ing
TO BE
- Present: Am, is, are
- Past: Was, were
- Perfect: Been
- Future/modal: be
Contoh soal
1. Fred :
Juda, the telephone rang twelve times. What were you doing?
Juda: I____ Javanese dancing, “Srimpi”.
a.
practised
d. have been practising
b. was
parctising
e. will be practising
c. have practised
Jawaban
: B (Past Continuous Tense)
2. Dian : The
Public Health Centre ____ there for more than twenty years.
The doctors and paramedis work hard to improve the
people’s health especially children.
Iwan :
Yes, they are succesful. The infant/death rate has decreased remarkably.
a.
works
d. has been working
b.
worked
e. will have worked
c. is working
Jawaban
: D (Present Perfect Continuous = peristiwa yang terjadi/dimulai
pada waktu lampau dan sekarang masih berlangsung.
3.
Devi : So you have finished washing the dished. When did you do it?
Sri : I did while you ____
the yard.
a.
clean
d. were cleaning
b.
cleaned
e. have been cleaning
c. had cleaned
Jawaban : D (Past Continuous tense
= menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung ketika kegiatan lain
terjadi di waktu lampau. Kata while bisa dijadikan ciri)
4.
Retno : Why don’t you reply my letter?
Hadi : Oh sorry. I forget to tell you
that I ___ in
a. am
living
d. will have lived
b. was
living
e. have been living
c. have to live
Jawaban : E (Present Perfect
Continuous. Tanda waktu since dapat dijadikan ciri)
5.
Vina : When did you get the letter?
Fani : Yesterday. My family ____ when the
postman arrived.
a. have
lunch
d. will have had lunch
b. will have lunch
e. have been
having lunch
c. were having lunch
Jawaban : C (Past Continuous tense
biasa juga dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan ketika
kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lampau.
When + simple past dapat dijadikan
ciri)
Soal-Soal Latihan
- If we don”t hurry, the meeting ___ by the time
we get there.
a. would have
started
d. will start
b. will have
started
e. starts
c. will be started
- The librarian suddenly heard a noise.
Librarian : What was the noise?
Student : I dropped some books
while I ____ them to the table.
a.
carry
d. am carrying
b.
carried
e. have carried
c. was carrying
- Ann has been looking for a job for six month.
This sentence means that Ann ___.
a. has got a new job d. has stopped
looking for a job
b. has worked for six months e. started to work
6 months a go
c. is still looking for a job
- When airport are located in the center of
citied, they ___ noise pollution and distrub people’s life.
a. caused d. were causing
b. causes e. have caused
c. will cause
- Agam : Where will we go next holiday?
Joko : What about
Agam : That’s OK, but I ____ there many times.
a. am d. will be
b. was e. will have been
c. have been
- My father is still in
a. is d. has been
b. was e. have been
c. had been
- Anto : I’m sorry Ary. I forget to bring your
book.
Ary : What did he say
Lina?
Lina : Anto said that he ___
to bring your book.
a. has forgotten d.
forgets
b. had
forgotten e. forgot
c. would forget
- Teacher : I”ve heard that Benny is ill. Is it
right?
Student : Yes, sir. He ____ ill for a week.
a. was d.
would be
b. has
been e. will have been
c. had been
- Teacher : You will be ready for a test next
week. Learn all these.
Student : All right, sir. I ____ them by then.
a. learn d.
will be learning
b. have learnt e.
will have learnt
c. am learning
- Reni goes to her university every morning. She
studies business. You can’t meet her at her house at 10.00 tomorrow. She
___ the lectures.
a. will be attending d. has attended
b. has been attending e. attended
c. would be attended
Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut dengan jujur dan bertanggungjawab!
| No. | Pertanyaan | Jawaban | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01. | Saya mengetahui arti kata-kata pada pada teks di atas |
Ya | Tidak |
| 02. | Saya bisa mengucapkan kata-kata sesuai dengan audio/video yang disajikan |
Ya | Tidak |
| 03. | Saya bisa memperagakan percakapan dengan membaca teks yang tersedia |
Ya | Tidak |
| 04. | Saya bisa memperagakan percakapan dengan sedikit membaca teks |
Ya | Tidak |
| 05. | Saya bisa memperagakan tanpa membaca teks |
Ya | Tidak |
| 06. | Saya bisa memperagakan tanpa membaca teks disertai dengan variasi baru atau pengembangan teks |
Ya | Tidak |
| 07. | Saya bisa membuat karya video terkait dengan percakapan yang diperagakan |
Ya | Tidak |
| 08. | Saya bisa membuat video dan telah disosialisasikan pada sosial media yang saya miliki |
Ya | Tidak |
Bila ada jawaban "Tidak", maka segera lakukan review pembelajaran, terutama pada bagian yang masih "Tidak".
Bila semua jawaban "Ya", maka Anda dapat melanjutkan ke pembelajaran berikutnya.
Buatlah jurnal harian untuk membantumu dalam mempercepat proses pembelajaran dengan menjawab soal evaluasi diri berikut ini.
- Apakah yang kamu telah pelajari pada bagian ini?
- Apa yang menarik pada sesi ini?
- Apa kendala yang kamu alami?
- Apa yang kamu lakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut?
